@article {789,
	title = {Animal propagation and genomic survey of a genotype 1 isolate of Cryptosporidium parvum.},
	journal = {Mol Biochem Parasitol},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000 May},
	pages = {187-97},
	abstract = {Human cryptosporidiosis is attributed to two major Cryptosporidium parvum genotypes of which type 1 appears to be the predominant. Most laboratory investigations however are performed using genotype 2 isolates, the only type which readily infects laboratory animals. So far type 1 has only been identified in humans and primates. A type 1 isolate, obtained from an individual with HIV and cryptosporidiosis, was successfully adapted to propagate in gnotobiotic piglets. Genotypic characterization of oocyst DNA from this isolate using multiple restriction fragment length polymorphisms, a genotype-specific PCR marker, and direct sequence analysis of two polymorphic loci confirmed that this isolate, designated NEMC1, is indeed type 1. No changes in the genetic profile were identified during multiple passages in piglets. In contrast, the time period between infection and onset of fecal oocyst shedding, an indicator of adaptation, decreased with increasing number of passages. Consistent with other type 1 isolates, NEMC1 failed to infect mice. A preliminary survey of the NEMC1 genome covering approximately 2\% of the genome and encompassing 200 kb of unique sequence showed an average similarity of approximately 95\% between type 1 and 2 sequences. Twenty-four percent of the NEMC1 sequences were homologous to previously determined genotype 2 C. parvum sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first successful serial propagation of genotype 1 in animals, which should facilitate characterization of the unique features of this human pathogen.},
	keywords = {Animals, Cryptosporidiosis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Genome, Protozoan, Genotype, Germ-Free Life, Humans, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Molecular Sequence Data, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Swine},
	issn = {0166-6851},
	author = {Widmer, G and Akiyoshi, D and Buckholt, M A and Feng, X and Rich, S M and Deary, K M and Bowman, C A and Xu, P and Wang, Y and Wang, X and Buck, G A and Tzipori, S}
}
@article {787,
	title = {Extensive polymorphism in Cryptosporidium parvum identified by multilocus microsatellite analysis.},
	journal = {Appl Environ Microbiol},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000 Aug},
	pages = {3344-9},
	abstract = {Restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequence analysis discern two main types of Cryptosporidium parvum. We present a survey of length polymorphism at several microsatellite loci for type 1 and type 2 isolates. A total of 14 microsatellite loci were identified from C. parvum DNA sequences deposited in public databases. All repeats were mono-, di-, and trinucleotide repeats of A, AT, and AAT, reflecting the high AT content of the C. parvum genome. Several of these loci showed significant length polymorphism, with as many as seven alleles identified for a single locus. Differences between alleles ranged from 1 to 27 bp. Karyotype analysis using probes flanking three microsatellites localized each marker to an individual chromosomal band, suggesting that these markers are single copy. In a sample of 19 isolates for which at least three microsatellites were typed, a majority of isolates displayed a unique multilocus fingerprint. Microsatellite analysis of isolates passaged between different host species identified genotypic changes consistent with changes in parasite populations.},
	keywords = {Animals, Base Sequence, Cattle, Cryptosporidiosis, Cryptosporidium parvum, DNA, Protozoan, Humans, Karyotyping, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Microsatellite Repeats, Molecular Sequence Data, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	author = {Feng, X and Rich, S M and Akiyoshi, D and Tumwine, J K and Kekitiinwa, A and Nabukeera, N and Tzipori, S and Widmer, G}
}
