@article {775,
	title = {Progress in malaria research: the case for phylogenetics.},
	journal = {Adv Parasitol},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {255-80},
	abstract = {Malaria, from the Italian for "bad air", is a term used to describe a human disease caused by any of four parasites of the genus, Plasmodium. There are in fact over 200 described species of Plasmodium that parasitize reptiles, birds, and mammals, and may or may not cause disease in these various hosts. In this chapter, we highlight important evolutionary studies that have been undertaken to determine the relatedness among these species and their place in the taxonomic hierarchy. We begin by providing an overview of our present understanding of the phylum to which malaria parasites belong--Apicomplexa. The unique characteristics of these parasites reflect both their adaptation to the parasitic life style as well as some vestigial remnants of their pre-parasitic evolutionary past. Phylogenetic analyses provide the means for discerning the means by which these characteristics have come into existence. We next discuss the systematics of the genus Plasmodium. Morphology, genomic structure and content as well as host affiliation of these parasites are all traits that have been used for establishing taxonomic arrangements. Molecular phylogenetics has proven to be an invaluable tool in this regard and so we discuss the current phylogenetic picture of the genus as well as the correspondence among the various datasets (morphology, molecules, and host-preference). Lastly, we present a detailed account of our current understanding of the evolutionary past of the most deadly of the human malaria species--P. falciparum.},
	keywords = {Animals, Biomedical Research, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Malaria, Phylogeny, Plasmodium},
	issn = {0065-308X},
	author = {Rich, Stephen M and Ayala, Francisco J}
}
@article {778,
	title = {Production and characterization of protective human antibodies against Shiga toxin 1.},
	journal = {Infect Immun},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002 Oct},
	pages = {5896-9},
	abstract = {Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious complication which is predominantly associated in children with infection by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). By using HuMAb-Mouse (Medarex) animals, human monoclonal antibodies (Hu-MAbs) were developed against Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) for passive immunotherapy of HUS. Ten stable hybridomas comprised of fully human heavy- and light-chain immunoglobulin elements and secreting Stx1-specific Hu-MAbs (seven immunoglobulin M(kappa)() [IgM(kappa)] elements [one specific for the A subunit and six specific for the B subunit] and three IgG1(kappa) elements specific for subunit B) were isolated. Two IgM(kappa) Hu-MAbs (2D9 and 15G9) and three IgG1(kappa) Hu-MAbs (5A4, 10F4, and 15G2), all specific for subunit B, demonstrated marked neutralization of Stx1 in vitro and significant prolongation of survival in a murine model of Stx1 toxicosis.},
	keywords = {Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Child, Escherichia coli, Female, HeLa Cells, Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome, Humans, Hybridomas, Immunization, Passive, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin M, Mice, Neutralization Tests, Shiga Toxin 1},
	issn = {0019-9567},
	author = {Mukherjee, Jean and Chios, Kerry and Fishwild, Dianne and Hudson, Deborah and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, Susan and Rich, Stephen M and Donohue-Rolfe, Arthur and Tzipori, Saul}
}
