@article {726,
	title = {Biodegradation of ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane [EDB]) in microcosms simulating in situ and biostimulated conditions.},
	journal = {J Hazard Mater},
	volume = {209-210},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012 Mar 30},
	pages = {92-8},
	abstract = {Although 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB) is a common groundwater contaminant, there is the lack of knowledge surrounding EDB biodegradation, especially under aerobic conditions. We have performed an extensive microcosm study to investigate the biodegradation of EDB under simulated in situ and biostimulated conditions. The materials for soil microcosms were collected from an EDB-contaminated aquifer at the Massachusetts Military Reservation in Cape Cod, MA. This EDB plume has persisted for nearly 40 years in both aerobic and anaerobic EDB zones of the aquifer. Microcosms were constructed under environmentally relevant conditions (field EDB and DO concentrations; incubated at 12{\textdegree}C). The results showed that natural attenuation occurred under anaerobic conditions but not under aerobic conditions, explaining why aerobic EDB contamination is so persistent. EDB degradation rates were greater under biostimulated conditions for both the aerobic and anaerobic microcosms. Particularly for aerobic biostimulation, methane-amended microcosms degraded EDB, on average, at a first order rate eight times faster than unamended microcosms. The best performing replicate achieved an EDB degradation rate of 7.0 yr(-1) (half-life (t(1/2))=0.10 yr). Residual methane concentrations and the emergence of methanotrophic bacteria, measured by culture independent bacterial analysis, provided strong indications that EDB degradation in aerobic methane-amended microcosms occurred via cometabolic degradation. These results indicate the potential for enhanced natural attenuation of EDB and that methane could be considered co-substrate for EDB bioremediation for the EDB-contaminated groundwater in aerobic zone.},
	keywords = {Aerobiosis, Anaerobiosis, Biodegradation, Environmental, Ethylene Dibromide, Water Microbiology, Water Pollutants, Chemical},
	issn = {1873-3336},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.12.067},
	author = {McKeever, Robert and Sheppard, Diane and N{\"u}sslein, Klaus and Baek, Kyung-Hwa and Rieber, Khalil and Ergas, Sarina J and Forbes, Rose and Hilyard, Mark and Park, Chul}
}
@article {735,
	title = {Biological perchlorate reduction in packed bed reactors using elemental sulfur.},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009 Jun 15},
	pages = {4466-71},
	abstract = {Sulfur-utilizing perchlorate (ClO4-)-reducing bacteria were enriched from a denitrifying wastewater seed with elemental sulfur (S0) as an electron donor. The enrichment was composed of a diverse microbial community, with the majority identified as members of the phylum Proteobacteria. Cultures were inoculated into bench-scale packed bed reactors (PBR) with S0 and crushed oyster shell packing media. High ClO4-concentrations (5-8 mg/L) were reduced to < 0.5 mg/L at an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 13 h. Low C1O4- concentrations (60-120 microg/L), more typical of contaminated groundwater sites, were reduced to < 4 microg/L at an EBCT of 7.5 h. PBR performance decreased when effluent recirculation was applied or when smaller S0 particle sizes were used, indicating that mass transfer of ClO4- to the attached biofilm was not the limiting mechanism in this process, and that biofilm acclimation and growth were key factors in overall reactor performance. The presence of nitrate (6.5 mg N/L) inhibited ClO4- reduction. The microbial community composition was found to change with ClO4- availability from a majority of Beta-Proteobacteria near the influent end of the reactor to primarily sulfur-oxidizing bacteria near the effluent end of the reactor.},
	keywords = {Bacteria, Bioreactors, Environmental Pollutants, Medical Waste Disposal, Oxidation-Reduction, Perchloric Acid, Sulfur},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	author = {Sahu, Ashish K and Conneely, Teresa and N{\"u}sslein, Klaus R and Ergas, Sarina J}
}
