@article {356,
	title = {Analysis of the genome of the sexually transmitted insect virus Helicoverpa zea nudivirus 2.},
	journal = {Viruses},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012 Jan},
	pages = {28-61},
	abstract = {The sexually transmitted insect virus Helicoverpa zea nudivirus 2 (HzNV-2) was determined to have a circular double-stranded DNA genome of 231,621 bp coding for an estimated 113 open reading frames (ORFs). HzNV-2 is most closely related to the nudiviruses, a sister group of the insect baculoviruses. Several putative ORFs that share homology with the baculovirus core genes were identified in the viral genome. However, HzNV-2 lacks several key genetic features of baculoviruses including the late transcriptional regulation factor, LEF-1 and the palindromic hrs, which serve as origins of replication. The HzNV-2 genome was found to code for three ORFs that had significant sequence homology to cellular genes which are not generally found in viral genomes. These included a presumed juvenile hormone esterase gene, a gene coding for a putative zinc-dependent matrix metalloprotease, and a major facilitator superfamily protein gene; all of which are believed to play a role in the cellular proliferation and the tissue hypertrophy observed in the malformation of reproductive organs observed in HzNV-2 infected corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea.},
	keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Baculoviridae, Base Sequence, Biological Evolution, Consensus Sequence, DNA Viruses, Female, Genome, Viral, Insect Viruses, Molecular Sequence Data, Moths, Open Reading Frames, Phylogeny, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Homology, Species Specificity, Viral Proteins},
	issn = {1999-4915},
	doi = {10.3390/v4010028},
	author = {Burand, John P and Kim, Woojin and Afonso, Claudio L and Tulman, Edan R and Kutish, Gerald F and Lu, Zhiqiang and Rock, Daniel L}
}
@article {357,
	title = {Identification of a nucleopolyhedrovirus in winter moth populations from Massachusetts.},
	journal = {J Invertebr Pathol},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011 Nov},
	pages = {217-9},
	abstract = {Winter moth, Operophtera brumata, originally from Europe, has invaded eastern Massachusetts causing widespread defoliation and damage to many deciduous tree species and a variety of crop plants in the infested area. We identified O. brumata nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpbuNPV) in winter moth larvae collected from field sites in Massachusetts by using PCR to amplify a 482 bp region of the baculovirus polyhedrin gene. Viral sequences were also detected in winter moth pupae that failed to emerge, suggesting that these insects may have died as a result of viral infection. This represents the first report of OpbuNPV in winter moth populations in the US.},
	keywords = {Animals, Base Sequence, Environmental Monitoring, Larva, Massachusetts, Molecular Sequence Data, Moths, Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Viral Proteins, Virus Diseases},
	issn = {1096-0805},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2011.08.005},
	author = {Burand, John P and Kim, Woojin and Welch, Anna and Elkinton, Joseph S}
}
@article {360,
	title = {Two viruses that cause salivary gland hypertrophy in Glossina pallidipes and Musca domestica are related and form a distinct phylogenetic clade.},
	journal = {J Gen Virol},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009 Feb},
	pages = {334-46},
	abstract = {Glossina pallidipes and Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy viruses (GpSGHV and MdSGHV) replicate in the nucleus of salivary gland cells causing distinct tissue hypertrophy and reduction of host fertility. They share general characteristics with the non-occluded insect nudiviruses, such as being insect-pathogenic, having enveloped, rod-shaped virions, and large circular double-stranded DNA genomes. MdSGHV measures 65x550 nm and contains a 124 279 bp genome (approximately 44 mol\% G+C content) that codes for 108 putative open reading frames (ORFs). GpSGHV, measuring 50x1000 nm, contains a 190 032 bp genome (28 mol\% G+C content) with 160 putative ORFs. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrates that 37 MdSGHV ORFs have homology to 42 GpSGHV ORFs, as some MdSGHV ORFs have homology to two different GpSGHV ORFs. Nine genes with known functions (dnapol, ts, pif-1, pif-2, pif-3, mmp, p74, odv-e66 and helicase-2), a homologue of the conserved baculovirus gene Ac81 and at least 13 virion proteins are present in both SGHVs. The amino acid identity ranged from 19 to 39 \% among ORFs. An (A/T/G)TAAG motif, similar to the baculovirus late promoter motif, was enriched 100 bp upstream of the ORF transcription initiation sites of both viruses. Six and seven putative microRNA sequences were found in MdSGHV and GpSGHV genomes, respectively. There was genome. Collinearity between the two SGHVs, but not between the SGHVs and the nudiviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of conserved genes clustered both SGHVs in a single clade separated from the nudiviruses and baculoviruses. Although MdSGHV and GpSGHV are different viruses, their pathology, host range and genome composition indicate that they are related.},
	keywords = {Animals, Chromosome Mapping, Conserved Sequence, Cytomegalovirus, DNA, Viral, Genes, Viral, Genome, Viral, Houseflies, Hypertrophy, Open Reading Frames, Salivary Glands, Tsetse Flies, Virion},
	issn = {0022-1317},
	doi = {10.1099/vir.0.006783-0},
	author = {Garcia-Maruniak, Alejandra and Abd-Alla, Adly M M and Salem, Tamer Z and Parker, Andrew G and Lietze, Verena-Ulrike and van Oers, Monique M and Maruniak, James E and Kim, Woojin and Burand, John P and Cousserans, Fran{\c c}ois and Robinson, Alan S and Vlak, Just M and Bergoin, Max and Boucias, Drion G}
}
@article {361,
	title = {Infection with the insect virus Hz-2v alters mating behavior and pheromone production in female Helicoverpa zea moths.},
	journal = {J Insect Sci},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {6},
	abstract = {The effect of Hz-2V virus infection on the reproductive physiology and behavior of infected Helicoverpa zea female moths was examined. In the absence of males, infected females exhibited calling behavior and called as often but for shorter periods on average than control females. As expected, control females mated with males for extend periods when they were present and did not call after mating, while virus-infected females made many frequent contacts with males and continued to call even after these contacts. Virus-infected females were found to produce five to seven times more pheromone than control females and attracted twice as many males as did control females in flight tunnel experiments. The ability of Hz-2V to alter the physiology and behavior of infected females observed here may serve to facilitate the transmission of virus in insect populations.},
	keywords = {Animals, Female, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Insect Viruses, Male, Moths, Pheromones, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Time Factors, Vocalization, Animal},
	issn = {1536-2442},
	author = {Burand, John P and Tan, Weijia and Kim, Woojin and Nojima, Satoshi and Roelofs, Wendell}
}
