@article {358,
	title = {Presence and prevalence of viruses in local and migratory honeybees (Apis mellifera) in Massachusetts.},
	journal = {Appl Environ Microbiol},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009 Dec},
	pages = {7862-5},
	abstract = {Migratory and local bees in Massachusetts were analyzed for seven viruses. Three were detected: black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV), and sacbrood virus (SBV). DWV was most common, followed closely by BQCV and then by SBV. BQCV and SBV were present at significantly higher rates in the migratory bees assayed, bringing into question the impact that these bees have on the health of local bee populations.},
	keywords = {Animals, Beekeeping, Bees, Insect Viruses, Massachusetts, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction},
	issn = {1098-5336},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.01319-09},
	author = {Welch, Anna and Drummond, Francis and Tewari, Sunil and Averill, Anne and Burand, John P}
}
@article {364,
	title = {Pathology and ultrastructure of Hz-2V infection in the agonadal female corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea.},
	journal = {J Invertebr Pathol},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002 Sep},
	pages = {33-44},
	abstract = {The pathology and ultrastructure of the reproductive tract of Hz-2V-infected female corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea, were studied. The identity of malformed reproductive tissues found in virus-infected moths was determined by examining these tissues in moths that were infected with the virus at different life stages. Malformation of reproductive tissues in the progeny of virus-infected female moths was first observed by 3 days post-pupation (dpp), indicating that virus replication had altered the differentiation of these tissues very early on in their development. The ultrastructure of the grossly malformed agonadal reproductive tissues from insects aged 3-10dpp revealed the absence of the cuticular lining found in the oviducts of normal moths, and the proliferation of epithelial cells in these infected oviduct tissues. In addition, large quantities of virus were found aggregated into a large mass in the lumen of the malformed cervix bursa of 10dpp agonadal female pharate adult moths. Prior to eclosion, the virus in the cervix bursa was observed separated into spherical masses, which are thought to exude through the ductus bursa and collect over the vulva, forming a viral "waxy plug" that is likely to play an important role in virus transmission.},
	keywords = {Animals, Female, Insect Viruses, Microscopy, Electron, Moths, Virus Diseases},
	issn = {0022-2011},
	author = {Rallis, Christopher P and Burand, John P}
}
@article {365,
	title = {Pathology and ultrastructure of the insect virus, Hz-2V, infecting agonadal male corn earworms, Helicoverpa zea.},
	journal = {J Invertebr Pathol},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002 Jun},
	pages = {81-9},
	abstract = {The pathology of the reproductive tract of Hz-2V-infected agonadal male corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea, was studied. The examination of the reproductive tissues of adult agonadal males infected with Hz-2V during different lifestages allowed us to positively correlate the grossly malformed tissues of typical agonadal male moths to the corresponding normal tissues in uninfected males. The reproductive tissues responsible for producing sperm, a pheromonostatic peptide (PSP), and the spermatophore in normal male moths were absent or grossly malformed in the agonadal male moths. Hz-2V was observed replicating in one area of these malformed reproductive tissues in pharate adult males as early as 7 days post-pupation. Interestingly, reproductive tissues essential for initiation of copulation and transfer of reproductive fluids into a female moth during mating appear to be intact and may be functional. These data suggest that agonadal adult males are able to mate with healthy female moths and transfer Hz-2V particles, without fertilizing female moths or altering their sexual receptivity to further mating with other male moths.},
	keywords = {Animals, Female, Insect Viruses, Male, Moths, Testis, Virus Diseases},
	issn = {0022-2011},
	author = {Rallis, Christopher P and Burand, John P}
}
