@article {460,
	title = {Selection of a variant of Geobacter sulfurreducens with enhanced capacity for current production in microbial fuel cells.},
	journal = {Biosens Bioelectron},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009 Aug 15},
	pages = {3498-503},
	abstract = {Geobacter sulfurreducens produces current densities in microbial fuel cells that are among the highest known for pure cultures. The possibility of adapting this organism to produce even higher current densities was evaluated. A system in which a graphite anode was poised at -400 mV (versus Ag/AgCl) was inoculated with the wild-type strain of G. sulfurreducens, strain DL-1. An isolate, designated strain KN400, was recovered from the biofilm after 5 months of growth on the electrode. KN400 was much more effective in current production than strain DL-1. This was apparent with anodes poised at -400 mV, as well as in systems run in true fuel cell mode. KN400 had current (7.6A/m(2)) and power (3.9 W/m(2)) densities that respectively were substantially higher than those of DL1 (1.4A/m(2) and 0.5 W/m(2)). On a per cell basis KN400 was more effective in current production than DL1, requiring thinner biofilms to make equivalent current. The enhanced capacity for current production in KN400 was associated with a greater abundance of electrically conductive microbial nanowires than DL1 and lower internal resistance (0.015 versus 0.130 Omega/m(2)) and mass transfer limitation in KN400 fuel cells. KN400 produced flagella, whereas DL1 does not. Surprisingly, KN400 had much less outer-surface c-type cytochromes than DL1. KN400 also had a greater propensity to form biofilms on glass or graphite than DL1, even when growing with the soluble electron acceptor, fumarate. These results demonstrate that it is possible to enhance the ability of microorganisms to electrochemically interact with electrodes with the appropriate selective pressure and that improved current production is associated with clear differences in the properties of the outer surface of the cell that may provide insights into the mechanisms for microbe-electrode interactions.},
	keywords = {Bioelectric Energy Sources, Electrochemistry, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Geobacter, Species Specificity},
	issn = {1873-4235},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2009.05.004},
	author = {Yi, Hana and Nevin, Kelly P and Kim, Byoung-Chan and Franks, Ashely E and Klimes, Anna and Tender, Leonard M and Lovley, Derek R}
}
@article {580,
	title = {Harnessing microbially generated power on the seafloor.},
	journal = {Nat Biotechnol},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002 Aug},
	pages = {821-5},
	abstract = {In many marine environments, a voltage gradient exists across the water sediment interface resulting from sedimentary microbial activity. Here we show that a fuel cell consisting of an anode embedded in marine sediment and a cathode in overlying seawater can use this voltage gradient to generate electrical power in situ. Fuel cells of this design generated sustained power in a boat basin carved into a salt marsh near Tuckerton, New Jersey, and in the Yaquina Bay Estuary near Newport, Oregon. Retrieval and analysis of the Tuckerton fuel cell indicates that power generation results from at least two anode reactions: oxidation of sediment sulfide (a by-product of microbial oxidation of sedimentary organic carbon) and oxidation of sedimentary organic carbon catalyzed by microorganisms colonizing the anode. These results demonstrate in real marine environments a new form of power generation that uses an immense, renewable energy reservoir (sedimentary organic carbon) and has near-immediate application.},
	keywords = {Bacteria, Bioelectric Energy Sources, Biotechnology, Carbon, Conservation of Energy Resources, DNA, Ribosomal, Electricity, Electrodes, Environmental Microbiology, Geologic Sediments, Molecular Sequence Data, New Jersey, Oceans and Seas, Oregon, Oxidation-Reduction, RNA, Bacterial, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Sulfides},
	issn = {1087-0156},
	doi = {10.1038/nbt716},
	author = {Tender, Leonard M and Reimers, Clare E and Stecher, Hilmar A and Holmes, Dawn E and Bond, Daniel R and Lowy, Daniel A and Pilobello, Kanoelani and Fertig, Stephanie J and Lovley, Derek R}
}
