@article {3109,
	title = {Enhancing syntrophic metabolism in up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors with conductive carbon materials.},
	journal = {Bioresour Technol},
	volume = {191},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Sep},
	pages = {140-5},
	abstract = {<p>Syntrophic metabolism of alcohols and fatty acids is a critical step in anaerobic digestion, which if enhanced can better stabilize the process and enable shorter retention times. Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) has recently been recognized as an alternative route to hydrogen interspecies transfer as a mechanism for interspecies syntrophic electron exchange. Therefore, the possibility of accelerating syntrophic metabolism of ethanol in up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors by incorporating conductive materials in reactor design was investigated. Graphite, biochar, and carbon cloth all immediately enhanced methane production and COD removal. As the hydraulic retention time was decreased the increased effectiveness of treatment in reactors with conductive materials increased versus the control reactor. When these conductive materials were removed from the reactors rates of syntrophic metabolism declined to rates comparable to the control reactor. These results suggest that incorporating conductive materials in the design of UASB reactors may enhance digester effectiveness.</p>},
	keywords = {Anaerobiosis, Bioreactors, Carbon, Charcoal, Electron Transport, Graphite, Hydrogen, Methane, Sewage, Waste Disposal, Fluid},
	issn = {1873-2976},
	doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.007},
	author = {Zhao, Zhiqiang and Zhang, Yaobin and Woodard, T L and Nevin, K P and Lovley, D R}
}
@article {610,
	title = {Enrichment of Geobacter Species in Response to Stimulation of Fe(III) Reduction in Sandy Aquifer Sediments.},
	journal = {Microb Ecol},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000 Feb},
	pages = {153-167},
	abstract = {Engineered stimulation of Fe(III) has been proposed as a strategy to enhance the immobilization of radioactive and toxic metals in metal-contaminated subsurface environments. Therefore, laboratory and field studies were conducted to determine which microbial populations would respond to stimulation of Fe(III) reduction in the sediments of sandy aquifers. In laboratory studies, the addition of either various organic electron donors or electron shuttle compounds stimulated Fe(III) reduction and resulted in Geobacter sequences becoming important constituents of the Bacterial 16S rDNA sequences that could be detected with PCR amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Quantification of Geobacteraceae sequences with a PCR most-probable-number technique indicated that the extent to which numbers of Geobacter increased was related to the degree of stimulation of Fe(III) reduction. Geothrix species were also enriched in some instances, but were orders of magnitude less numerous than Geobacter species. Shewanella species were not detected, even when organic compounds known to be electron donors for Shewanella species were used to stimulate Fe(III) reduction in the sediments. Geobacter species were also enriched in two field experiments in which Fe(III) reduction was stimulated with the addition of benzoate or aromatic hydrocarbons. The apparent growth of Geobacter species concurrent with increased Fe(III) reduction suggests that Geobacter species were responsible for much of the Fe(III) reduction in all of the stimulation approaches evaluated in three geographically distinct aquifers. Therefore, strategies for subsurface remediation that involve enhancing the activity of indigenous Fe(III)-reducing populations in aquifers should consider the physiological properties of Geobacter species in their treatment design.},
	issn = {1432-184X},
	author = {Snoeyenbos-West, O L and Nevin, K P and Anderson, R T and Lovley, D R}
}
@article {621,
	title = {Evidence against hydrogen-based microbial ecosystems in basalt aquifers},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {281},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998 Aug 14},
	pages = {976-7},
	abstract = {It has been proposed that hydrogen produced from basalt-ground-water interactions may serve as an energy source that supports the existence of microorganisms in the deep subsurface on Earth and possibly on other planets. However, experiments demonstrated that hydrogen is not produced from basalt at an environmentally relevant, alkaline pH. Small amounts of hydrogen were produced at a lower pH in laboratory incubations, but even this hydrogen production was transitory. Furthermore, geochemical considerations suggest that previously reported rates of hydrogen production cannot be sustained over geologically significant time frames. These findings indicate that hydrogen production from basalt-ground-water interactions may not support microbial metabolism in the subsurface.},
	issn = {1095-9203},
	author = {Anderson, R T and Chapelle, F H and Lovley, D R}
}
@article {657,
	title = {Electron Transport in the Dissimilatory Iron Reducer, GS-15.},
	journal = {Appl Environ Microbiol},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1991},
	month = {1991 Mar},
	pages = {867-70},
	abstract = {Mechanisms for electron transport to Fe(III) were investigated in GS-15, a novel anaerobic microorganism which can obtain energy for growth by coupling the complete oxidation of organic acids or aromatic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). The results indicate that Fe(III) reduction proceeds through a type b cytochrome and a membrane-bound Fe(III) reductase which is distinct from the nitrate reductase.},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	author = {Gorby, Y A and Lovley, D R}
}
