@article {406,
	title = {Electrical conductivity in a mixed-species biofilm.},
	journal = {Appl Environ Microbiol},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012 Aug},
	pages = {5967-71},
	abstract = {<p>Geobacter sulfurreducens can form electrically conductive biofilms, but the potential for conductivity through mixed-species biofilms has not been examined. A current-producing biofilm grown from a wastewater sludge inoculum was highly conductive with low charge transfer resistance even though microorganisms other than Geobacteraceae accounted for nearly half the microbial community.</p>},
	keywords = {Biofilms, Electric Conductivity, Microbial Consortia, Sewage},
	issn = {1098-5336},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.01803-12},
	author = {Malvankar, Nikhil S and Lau, Joanne and Nevin, Kelly P and Franks, Ashley E and Tuominen, Mark T and Lovley, Derek R}
}
@article {535,
	title = {Extracellular electron transfer via microbial nanowires.},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {435},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005 Jun 23},
	pages = {1098-101},
	abstract = {Microbes that can transfer electrons to extracellular electron acceptors, such as Fe(iii) oxides, are important in organic matter degradation and nutrient cycling in soils and sediments. Previous investigations on electron transfer to Fe(iii) have focused on the role of outer-membrane c-type cytochromes. However, some Fe(iii) reducers lack c-cytochromes. Geobacter species, which are the predominant Fe(iii) reducers in many environments, must directly contact Fe(iii) oxides to reduce them, and produce monolateral pili that were proposed, on the basis of the role of pili in other organisms, to aid in establishing contact with the Fe(iii) oxides. Here we report that a pilus-deficient mutant of Geobacter sulfurreducens could not reduce Fe(iii) oxides but could attach to them. Conducting-probe atomic force microscopy revealed that the pili were highly conductive. These results indicate that the pili of G. sulfurreducens might serve as biological nanowires, transferring electrons from the cell surface to the surface of Fe(iii) oxides. Electron transfer through pili indicates possibilities for other unique cell-surface and cell-cell interactions, and for bioengineering of novel conductive materials.},
	keywords = {Biotechnology, Electric Conductivity, Electron Transport, Ferric Compounds, Fimbriae Proteins, Fimbriae, Bacterial, Genes, Bacterial, Geobacter, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Mutation, Nanostructures, Phylogeny},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	doi = {10.1038/nature03661},
	author = {Reguera, Gemma and McCarthy, Kevin D and Mehta, Teena and Nicoll, Julie S and Tuominen, Mark T and Lovley, Derek R}
}
