@article {3091,
	title = {The electrically conductive pili of pecies are a recently evolved feature for extracellular electron transfer.},
	journal = {Microb Genom},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Aug},
	pages = {e000072},
	abstract = {<p>The electrically conductive pili (e-pili) of  have environmental and practical significance because they can facilitate electron transfer to insoluble Fe(III) oxides; to other microbial species; and through electrically conductive biofilms. E-pili conductivity has been attributed to the truncated PilA monomer, which permits tight packing of aromatic amino acids to form a conductive path along the length of e-pili. In order to better understand the evolution and distribution of e-pili in the microbial world, type IVa PilA proteins from various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were examined with a particular emphasis on Fe(III)-respiring bacteria. E-pilin genes are primarily restricted to a tight phylogenetic group in the order Desulfuromonadales. The downstream gene in all but one of the Desulfuromonadales that possess an e-pilin gene is a gene previously annotated as {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} that has characteristics suggesting that it may encode an outer-membrane protein. Other genes associated with pilin function are clustered with e-pilin and {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} genes in the Desulfuromonadales. In contrast, in the few bacteria outside the Desulfuromonadales that contain e-pilin genes, the other genes required for pilin function may have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Of the 95 known Fe(III)-reducing micro-organisms for which genomes are available, 80 \% lack e-pilin genes, suggesting that e-pili are just one of several mechanisms involved in extracellular electron transport. These studies provide insight into where and when e-pili are likely to contribute to extracellular electron transport processes that are biogeochemically important and involved in bioenergy conversions.</p>},
	keywords = {Electromagnetic Phenomena, Electron Transport, Ferric Compounds, Fimbriae Proteins, Fimbriae, Bacterial, Geobacter, Phylogeny},
	issn = {2057-5858},
	doi = {10.1099/mgen.0.000072},
	author = {Holmes, Dawn E and Dang, Yan and Walker, David J F and Lovley, Derek R}
}
@article {3099,
	title = {Enhancing anaerobic digestion of complex organic waste with carbon-based conductive materials.},
	journal = {Bioresour Technol},
	volume = {220},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Nov},
	pages = {516-522},
	abstract = {<p>The aim of this work was to study the methanogenic metabolism of dog food, a food waste surrogate, in laboratory-scale reactors with different carbon-based conductive materials. Carbon cloth, carbon felt, and granular activated carbon all permitted higher organic loading rates and promoted faster recovery of soured reactors than the control reactors. Microbial community analysis revealed that specific and substantial enrichments of Sporanaerobacter and Methanosarcina were present on the carbon cloth surface. These results, and the known ability of Sporanaerobacter species to transfer electrons to elemental sulfur, suggest that Sporanaerobacter species can participate in direct interspecies electron transfer with Methanosarcina species when carbon cloth is available as an electron transfer mediator.</p>},
	keywords = {Anaerobiosis, Animals, Bacteria, Bioreactors, Carbon, Carbon Fiber, Charcoal, Dogs, Electric Conductivity, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Methane, Organic Chemicals, Waste Products},
	issn = {1873-2976},
	doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.114},
	author = {Dang, Yan and Holmes, Dawn E and Zhao, Zhiqiang and Woodard, Trevor L and Zhang, Yaobin and Sun, Dezhi and Wang, Li-Ying and Nevin, Kelly P and Lovley, Derek R}
}
