@article {3046,
	title = {Engineering Geobacter pili to produce metal:organic filaments.},
	journal = {Biosens Bioelectron},
	volume = {222},
	year = {2023},
	month = {2023 Feb 15},
	pages = {114993},
	abstract = {<p>The organized self-assembly of conductive biological structures holds promise for creating new bioelectronic devices. In particular, Geobacter sulfurreducens type IVa pili have proven to be a versatile material for fabricating protein nanowire-based devices. To scale the production of conductive pili, we designed a strain of Shewanella oneidensis that heterologously expressed abundant, conductive Geobacter pili when grown aerobically in liquid culture. S. oneidensis expressing a cysteine-modified pilin, designed to enhance the capability to bind to gold, generated conductive pili that self-assembled into biohybrid filaments in the presence of gold nanoparticles. Elemental composition analysis confirmed the filament-metal interactions within the structures, which were several orders of magnitude larger than previously described metal:organic filaments. The results demonstrate that the S. oneidensis chassis significantly advances the possibilities for facile conductive protein nanowire design and fabrication.</p>},
	keywords = {Biosensing Techniques, Electron Transport, Fimbriae, Bacterial, Geobacter, Gold, Metal Nanoparticles},
	issn = {1873-4235},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2022.114993},
	author = {Szmuc, Eric and Walker, David J F and Kireev, Dmitry and Akinwande, Deji and Lovley, Derek R and Keitz, Benjamin and Ellington, Andrew}
}
@article {3091,
	title = {The electrically conductive pili of pecies are a recently evolved feature for extracellular electron transfer.},
	journal = {Microb Genom},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Aug},
	pages = {e000072},
	abstract = {<p>The electrically conductive pili (e-pili) of  have environmental and practical significance because they can facilitate electron transfer to insoluble Fe(III) oxides; to other microbial species; and through electrically conductive biofilms. E-pili conductivity has been attributed to the truncated PilA monomer, which permits tight packing of aromatic amino acids to form a conductive path along the length of e-pili. In order to better understand the evolution and distribution of e-pili in the microbial world, type IVa PilA proteins from various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were examined with a particular emphasis on Fe(III)-respiring bacteria. E-pilin genes are primarily restricted to a tight phylogenetic group in the order Desulfuromonadales. The downstream gene in all but one of the Desulfuromonadales that possess an e-pilin gene is a gene previously annotated as {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} that has characteristics suggesting that it may encode an outer-membrane protein. Other genes associated with pilin function are clustered with e-pilin and {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} genes in the Desulfuromonadales. In contrast, in the few bacteria outside the Desulfuromonadales that contain e-pilin genes, the other genes required for pilin function may have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Of the 95 known Fe(III)-reducing micro-organisms for which genomes are available, 80 \% lack e-pilin genes, suggesting that e-pili are just one of several mechanisms involved in extracellular electron transport. These studies provide insight into where and when e-pili are likely to contribute to extracellular electron transport processes that are biogeochemically important and involved in bioenergy conversions.</p>},
	keywords = {Electromagnetic Phenomena, Electron Transport, Ferric Compounds, Fimbriae Proteins, Fimbriae, Bacterial, Geobacter, Phylogeny},
	issn = {2057-5858},
	doi = {10.1099/mgen.0.000072},
	author = {Holmes, Dawn E and Dang, Yan and Walker, David J F and Lovley, Derek R}
}
