@article {2624,
	title = {Chemically Induced Cell Wall Stapling in Bacteria.},
	journal = {Cell Chem Biol},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2021},
	month = {2021 Feb 18},
	pages = {213-220.e4},
	abstract = {<p>Transpeptidation reinforces the structure of cell-wall peptidoglycan, an extracellular heteropolymer that protects bacteria from osmotic lysis. The clinical success of transpeptidase-inhibiting \&beta;-lactam antibiotics illustrates the essentiality of these cross-linkages for cell-wall integrity, but the presence of multiple, seemingly redundant transpeptidases in many species makes it challenging to determine cross-link function. Here, we present a technique to link peptide strands by chemical rather than enzymatic reaction. We employ biocompatible click chemistry to induce triazole formation between azido- and alkynyl-d-alanine residues that are metabolically installed in the peptidoglycan of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Synthetic triazole cross-links can be visualized using azidocoumarin-d-alanine, an amino acid derivative that undergoes fluorescent enhancement upon reaction with terminal alkynes. Cell-wall stapling protects Escherichia coli from treatment with the broad-spectrum \&beta;-lactams ampicillin and carbenicillin. Chemical control of cell-wall structure in live bacteria can provide functional insights that are orthogonal to those obtained by genetics.</p>
},
	issn = {2451-9448},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.11.006},
	author = {Rivera, Sylvia L and Espaillat, Akbar and Aditham, Arjun K and Shieh, Peyton and Muriel-Mundo, Chris and Kim, Justin and Cava, Felipe and Siegrist, M Sloan}
}
@article {2622,
	title = {Chemical Biology Tools for Examining the Bacterial Cell Wall.},
	journal = {Cell Chem Biol},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 08 20},
	pages = {1052-1062},
	abstract = {<p>Bacteria surround themselves with cell walls to maintain cell rigidity and protect against environmental insults. Here we review chemical and biochemical techniques employed to study bacterial cell wall biogenesis. Recent advances including the ability to isolate critical intermediates, metabolic approaches for probe incorporation, and isotopic labeling techniques have provided critical insight into the biochemistry of cell walls. Fundamental manuscripts that have used these techniques to discover cell wall-interacting proteins, flippases, and cell wall stoichiometry are discussed in detail. The review highlights that these powerful methods and techniques have exciting potential to identify and characterize new targets for antibiotic development.</p>
},
	issn = {2451-9448},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.024},
	author = {Brown, Ashley R and Gordon, Rebecca A and Hyland, Stephen N and Siegrist, M Sloan and Grimes, Catherine L}
}
